We are very excited to announce Tokio 0.2. This is a ground up rework of Tokiobased on async / await
and experience gained over the past three years.
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Add the following to Cargo.toml
:
This is a major update, and as such there are changes to almost all parts of thelibrary. To highlight a few:
Based on
async / await
for superior ergonomics.A brand new, much faster, scheduler.
Focus on making the Tokio dependency as lightweight as possible.
async / await
If you have used Tokio to date, then you are familiar with the 'old' way ofwriting asynchronous Rust. it was not fun. Most ended up writing statemachines by hand. This was cumbersome and error prone.
As of Rust 1.39, the async / await
is available on the stable channel andTokio 0.2 takes full advantage of it. Whenever possible, Tokio provides anasync fn
based API, usually modeled after std
.
For example, accepting sockets from a TcpListener
is done with the asyncaccept
function:
I/O operations are provided as async
functions:
The same applies to the rest of the Tokio API surface.
Starting the Tokio runtime
Setting the entry point of a Tokio application can now be done with a procmacro:
This starts up the Tokio runtime and all necessary infrastructure to power theapplication.
A new scheduler
The new Tokio comes with a scheduler that was built from the ground up to takeadvantage of the new asynchronous task system. It is based on the experiencegained from Tokio 0.1 as well as all the hard work put into other ecosystemslike Go, Erlang, Java, and others.
There are still improvements to make, but initial testing using Hyper shows a30+% speed up in macro level benchmarks between the old scheduler and the newscheduler.
You can read more about it here.
Since it landed on master, some Tokio users have been experimenting with the newscheduler and have seen some very impressive real world improvements in theirapplications. Hopefully they will blog about them soon!
A lightweight Tokio dependency
One of the biggest complaints users have about Tokio to date is the weight ofthe depenedency. Adding a dependency on Tokio has historically added a largenumber of transitive dependencies and added time spent compiling.
For example, a 'hello world' Tokio 0.1 application on my laptop would pull in 43crates and take 50 seconds to compile (not counting time spent downloading thedependencies).
Tokio addresses this issue on two fronts. First, most Tokio components have beencollapsed into a single crate: tokio
and transitive dependencies were prunedaggressively. Second, Tokio components have been made opt-in using featureflags instead of always on. Simply pulling in the tokio
dependency will onlyget you a few traits.
To get started with Tokio 0.2, you will need to request feature flags. 360 total security 1 2 6. A full
feature flag includes everything and is an easy way to get started:
On my laptop, this reduces the total number of crates to 23. Compile time onlydrops to 40 seconds.
Real benefits start happening when the user of Tokio starts only requesting thecomponents that are needed to run the application. To run the TCP echo serverexample, the io-util
, rt-threaded
, and tcp
feature flags are needed. Now,Tokio pulls in 13 crates and compiling takes 13 seconds.
There is more work to be done on pruning dependencies. Mio 0.7, which prunesfurther dependencies, is not included with Tokio 0.2. Tokio 0.3 will include Mio0.7.
Thanks
Of course, none of this would be possible without our amazing team andcontributors who worked on this release. Many individuals submitted PRs rangingfrom doc fixes to migrating entire crates to std::future::Future
. Some names Iwant to call out, in no particular order:
A pre-emptive thanks to all those working on Mio 0.7, which sadly didn't makethe cut for this release, but will happen soon!
And a big thanks to Buoyant, the makers of Linkerd(the proxy is written inRust), who sponsored most of the work.
A Roadmap to 1.0
All that being said, we are shipping version 0.2. The question of 'why not 1.0?'has come up a few times. After all, Tokio 0.1 has been stable for three years.The short answer: because it isn't time. There is nobody who would rather ship aTokio 1.0 than us. It also isn't something to rush.
After all, async / await
only landed in the stable Rust channel weeks ago.There has been no significant production validation yet, except maybe fuchsiaand that seems like a fairly specialized use case. This release of Tokioincludes significant new code and new strategies with feature flags. Also, thereare still big open questions, such as the proposed changes toAsyncRead
and AsyncWrite
.
Tokio 1.0 will be released as soon as the APIs are proven to handle real-worldproduction cases.
Tokio 1.0 in Q3 2020 with LTS support
The Tokio 1.0 release will be no later than Q3 2020. It will also come with'long-term support' guarantees:
- A minimum of 5 years of maintenance.
- A minimum of 3 years before a hypothetical 2.0 release.
When Tokio 1.0 is released in Q3 2020, on-going support, security fixes, andcritical bug fixes are guaranteed until at least Q3 2025. Tokio 2.0 will notbe released until at least Q3 2023 (though, ideally there will never been aTokio 2.0 release).
How to get there
While Tokio 0.1 probably should have been a 1.0, Tokio 0.2 will be a true0.2 release. There will breaking change releases every 2 ~ 3 months until 1.0.These changes will be much smaller than going from 0.1 -> 0.2. It isexpected that the 1.0 release will look a lot like 0.2.
What is expected to change
The biggest change will be the AsyncRead
and AsyncWrite
traits. Based onexperience gained over the past 3 years, there are a couple of issues toaddress:
- Be able to safely use uninitialized memory as a read buffer.
- Practical read vectored and write vectored APIs.
There are a few strategies to solve these problems. These strategies need to beinvestigated and the solution validated. You can see thiscomment for a detailed statement of the problem.
The other major change, which has been in the works for a while, is updatingMio. Mio 0.6 was first released almost 4 years ago and has not had a breakingchange since. Mio 0.7 has been in the works for a while. It includes a fullrewrite of the windows support as well as a refined API. Dropshare 4 4 1 download free. More will be writtenabout this shortly.
Finally, now that the API is starting to stabilize, effort will be put intodocumentation. Tokio 0.2 is being released before updating the website and manyof the old content will no longer be relevant. In the coming weeks, expect tosee updates there.
So, we have our work cut out for us. We hope you enjoy this 0.2 release and arelooking forward to your feedback and help.
- Announcing Tokio 0.2 and a Roadmap to 1.0
Note
tcframe 1.x has been released! Check out 1.0.0 release notes for migration guide from 0.x.
Welcome to the official documentation of tcframe, a competitive programming test cases generator framework! This documentation is organized into several sections:
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The coma 2: vicious sisters wiki. General information of tcframe project. Contains some code examples. Start here to grasp general understanding of this framework.
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Now that you got your hand wet with your first generator, master each of tcframe's key concepts in more details here.
Tutorials, case studies, and best practices in writing generators for real competitive programming problems.
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Finally, this is an API documentation of all tcframe Grand total 5 0 – create invoices and estimates per. features that you will be looking up often when writing your generator.